The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) on rumen volatile fatty acids and blood indexes in sheep. Four crossed-bred (Northeast fine sheep×Small tail Han sheep) sheep with an average weight of (45±3) kg were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. The groups received the same basal diet with different DCAB as +239.16, +104.37, －0.83 and －127.59 mEq/kg DM. The results showed that DCAB significantly affected pH in urine of sheep (P<0.01); there were no significant effects on the ratio of volatile fatty acids (P>0.05), however, the highest DCAB and the lowest DCAB groups had lower concentration of volatile fatty acids; there were no significant effects on the concentration of glucose (GLU), nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in serum (P>0.05), however, the highest DCAB and the lowest DCAB groups had lower concentration of triglyceride (TG); there were no significant effects on the concentration of insulin (INS), glucagon (IRG), growth hormone (GH), triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) (P>0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that DCAB could improve blood indexes about the metabolism of fat in sheep.［Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2010，22（3）:769-774］